District 9

District 9
On dirty dusty ground a black and white target practice poster of a bipedal insect-like creature stands, riddled with bullet holes. Barbed wire runs behind the poster and a large circular spaceship hovers in the background.
American theatrical release poster
Directed by Neill Blomkamp
Produced by
Written by
  • Neill Blomkamp
  • Terri Tatchell
Starring
  • Sharlto Copley
  • Jason Cope
  • David James
Music by Clinton Shorter
Cinematography Trent Opaloch
Editing by Julian Clarke
Studio
  • WingNut Films
  • QED International
  • Key Creatives
  • Wintergreen Productions
Distributed by TriStar Pictures
Release date(s) August 13, 2009 (2009-08-13)
August 14, 2009 (2009-08-14) (United States)
Running time 112 minutes
Country
  • United States
  • New Zealand
Language
Budget $30 million[1]
Gross revenue $210,816,205 [2]

District 9 is a 2009 science fiction thriller film directed by Neill Blomkamp. It was written by Blomkamp and Terri Tatchell, and produced by Peter Jackson and Carolynne Cunningham. The film stars Sharlto Copley, Jason Cope and David James. Copley plays the role of Wikus van de Merwe,[3] an Afrikaner bureaucrat assigned to relocate a race of extraterrestrial creatures unexpectedly stranded on Earth, derogatorily referred to as "prawns", from District 9, a military-guarded slum in Johannesburg, South Africa, to an internment camp outside the city. The movie was nominated for four Academy Awards in 2010, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Visual Effects, and Best Editing.[4]

The story, adapted from Alive in Joburg, a 2005 short film directed by Blomkamp and produced by Copley, pivots on the themes of xenophobia and social segregation. The title and premise of District 9 were inspired by events that took place in District Six, Cape Town during the apartheid era. The film was produced for $30 million and shot on location in Chiawelo, Soweto, presenting fictional interviews, news footage, and video from surveillance cameras in a part-mock documentary style format. A viral marketing campaign began in 2008, at the San Diego Comic-Con, while the theatrical trailer appeared in July 2009. Released by TriStar Pictures, the film opened to critical acclaim on August 14, 2009, in North America and earned $37 million in its opening weekend. Many saw the film as a sleeper hit for its relatively unknown cast and modest-budget production, while achieving success and popularity during its theatrical run.

Contents

Plot

In March 1982, a gigantic alien mothership comes to Earth, hovering motionless above Johannesburg, South Africa. Reports suggest that the craft became stranded after a command module separated from it and dropped to Earth. After three months, a team breaks into the ship, discovering a group of over a million malnourished insectoid extraterrestrials, who are then given refuge on Earth. The aliens, derogatorily referred to as "prawns", are confined to a government camp inside Johannesburg called District 9. The camp is secured with a massive police presence, and it soon turns into a slum.

In the first decade of the 21st century, the South African government hires Multinational United (MNU), a private military company under the direction of its CEO, Dirk Michaels, to relocate 1.8 million aliens to the new District 10. In 2010, Wikus van de Merwe (Sharlto Copley), a young MNU employee, is appointed by Piet Smit (Dirk Minnaar), an MNU executive to lead the relocation with the serving of illegal eviction notices.

Meanwhile, three aliens (Christopher Johnson (Jason Cope), his son, and a friend), search for alien technology from which they distill a mysterious fluid, storing it in a small canister. Later, while raiding the shack of Christopher's friend, Wikus discovers and seizes the container, which when tampered with sprays an unidentified substance onto his face. Christopher's friend breaks Wikus' left arm as he attempts to escape, and is subsequently killed by Koobus Venter (David James), a soldier leading the operation.

The mysterious fluid makes him ill turning has DNA and body into a prawn. MNU finds out and they force Wikus to test various weapons which he succeeds. The MNU scientists then decide to vivisect Wikus, but he overpowers his captors and escapes. Smit lies to the press, stating that Wikus is infected with an alien STD and is highly contagious. He also sends Venter and his men to capture him.

Now a fugitive, Wikus finds refuge in District 9 and eventually seeks help from Christopher. Christopher reveals to Wikus that the canister he was sprayed with is causing the mutation. He also states that the canister would allow him to reactivate the dormant mothership and, using its equipment, he could reverse Wikus's mutation. He then reveals the lost command module hidden under his shack, and agrees to help Wikus if he retrieves the canister from MNU. Wilkus agrees and gets weapons from Nigerian dealers by overpowering them with alien weapons.

Wikus and Christopher break into the MNU offices and successfully retrieve the canister, fleeing back to District 9, with MNU forces in pursuit. Outraged by illegal experiments he saw at the MNU offices Christopher tells Wikus that he will need to seek help for the other aliens before curing him, which would take three years. Enraged, Wikus knocks Christopher unconscious and powers up the command module. Soon after takeoff, the craft is shot by an MNU missile, causing it to crash. Venter and his men then take Wikus and Christopher prisoner. As they attempt to exit District 9, Obesandjo's gang ambushes them and, after an intense firefight, Wikus is taken to Obesandjo.

From the downed command module, Christopher's son activates the mothership and an alien mechanized battle suit located at Obesandjo's camp, which he uses to kill Obesandjo and his men. Meanwhile, Venter captures Christopher as Wikus takes control of the battle suit. Wikus initially flees, but later turns back and rescues Christopher. He kills the army, but his suit is destroyed in the battle. The mothership leaves Earth as Johannesburg's residents celebrate its departure.

A series of interviews and news broadcasts are shown, with people theorizing about Wikus' whereabouts and whether Christopher would return with the intention to retaliate or reconcile. A number of Wikus' family members and close friends claim he no longer exists to them. MNU's illegal experiments on the aliens are uncovered and exposed by Fundiswa Mhlanga, Wickus' former trainee, who is prosecuted and incarcerated. District 9 is completely demolished after the successful relocation of the entire prawn population to District 10, which now houses over 2.5 million aliens. Wikus's wife, Tania, reveals to have found a metal flower on her doorstep, which gives her hope that her husband is still alive. The film ends in a scrapyard where Wikus, now fully transformed into a prawn, [5] is seen crafting a flower out of scrap metal.

Cast

Copley promoting the film at the San Diego Comic-Con in July 2009

Protagonists

Antagonists

Supporting

Production

Development

Producer Peter Jackson planned to produce a film adaptation based on the Halo video game franchise with first-time director Neill Blomkamp. Due to lack of financing, the Halo adaptation was placed on hold. Jackson and Blomkamp discussed pursuing alternative projects and eventually chose to produce and direct, respectively, District 9. Blomkamp had previously directed commercials and short films, but District 9 was his first feature film. The director co-wrote the script with Terri Tatchell and chose to film in South Africa, where he was born.[8] In District 9, Tatchell and Blomkamp emulated the world explored in his short film "Alive in Joburg", choosing characters, moments and concepts that they found interesting, and fleshing out these elements for the feature film.[9]

QED International fully financed the production of the independent film, underwriting the negative cost prior to American Film Market (AFM) 2007. At AFM 2007, QED entered into a distribution deal with Sony Pictures under TriStar Pictures for North America and other English-language territories, Korea, Italy, Russia and Portugal.[10]

Filming

The film was shot on location in Chiawelo, Soweto during a time of violent unrest in Alexandra, Gauteng and other South African townships involving clashes between native South Africans and Africans born in other countries.[11] The location that portrays District 9 in itself was in fact a real impoverished neighborhood from which people were being forcibly relocated to government-subsidised housing.[7]

Blomkamp said no one film influenced District 9, but cited the 1980s "hardcore sci-fi/action" films such as Alien, Aliens, The Terminator, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Predator and RoboCop as subconscious influences. The director said, "I don't know whether the film has that feeling or not for the audience, but I wanted it to have that harsh 1980s kind of vibe — I didn't want it to feel glossy and slick."[9]

Because of the amount of hand-held shooting required for the film, the producers and crew decided to shoot using the digital Red One camera. Cinematographer Trent Opaloch used nine digital Red Ones owned by Peter Jackson for primary filming.[12] "District 9′ was shot on RED One cameras using build 15, Cooke S4 primes and Angenieux zooms. The documentary style and CCTV cam footage was shot on the Sony EX1/EX3 XDCAM-HD."[13] "The District 9 post production team were warned that the most RED footage they could handle a day was about an hour and a half. When that got to five hours a day reinforcements were called and 120 Terabytes of data was filled."[14]

Visual effects

The aliens in District 9 were designed by Weta Workshop, and the design was executed by Image Engine. Blomkamp established criteria for the design of the aliens. He wanted the species to be insect-like but also bipedal. The director wanted the audience to relate to the aliens and said of the restriction on the creature design, "Unfortunately, they had to be human-esque because our psychology doesn't allow us to really empathize with something unless it has a face and an anthropomorphic shape. Like if you see something that's four-legged, you think it's a dog; that's just how we're wired... If you make a film about an alien force, which is the oppressor or aggressor, and you don't want to empathize with them, you can go to town. So creatively that's what I wanted to do but story-wise, I just couldn't."[15] Blomkamp originally sought to have Weta Digital design the creatures, but the company was busy with effects for Avatar. The director then decided to choose a Vancouver-based effects company because he anticipated to make films there in the future and because British Columbia offered a tax credit. Blomkamp met with Image Engine and considered them "a bit of a gamble" since the company had not pursued a project as large as a feature film.[9] Aside from the aliens appearing on the operating table in the medical lab, all of them were computer generated by CGI Special Effects.[16]

Weta Digital designed the mothership and the drop ship, while the exo-suit and the little pets were designed by The Embassy Visual Effects. Zoic Studios performed overflow 2D work.[9] On-set live special effects were created by MXFX.[17]

Themes

Like Alive in Joburg, the short film on which the feature film is based, the setting of District 9 is inspired by historical events that took place in South Africa during the apartheid era, with the film's title particularly referencing District Six. District Six, an inner-city residential area in Cape Town, was declared a "whites only" area by the government in 1966, with 60,000 people forcibly removed and relocated to Cape Flats, 25 km (15 mi) away.[18] The film also refers to contemporary evictions and forced removals to new suburban ghettos in post-apartheid South Africa as well as the resistance of its residents.[19][20] This includes the high profile attempted forced removal of the Joe Slovo informal settlement in Cape Town to temporary relocation areas in Delft, plus the attempted evictions of Abahlali baseMjondolo and evictions in the shack settlement, Chiawelo, where the film was actually shot.[7] The temporary relocation area dubbed Blikkiesdorp, has also been compared with the District 9 camp earning a front page spread in the Daily Voice.[21][22]

The film makes a statement about inhumanity in the irony of Wikus becoming more humane as he becomes less human.[23] Throughout the movie, he becomes more aware of the aliens' plight, eventually helping them escape the planet, even turning on his own species to do so. Chris Mikesell from Ka Leo notes that inhumanity is a deep theme rooted in. He writes that "Substitute “black,” “Asian,” “Mexican,” “illegal,” “Jew,” or any number of different labels for the word “prawn” in this film and you will hear the hidden truth behind the dialogue". Alien eggs are destroyed before birth and described as popcorn. He feels that District 9 shows the corruption humans are capable of. M.N.U., the corporation in charge of protecting the aliens are actually taking away captured aliens and using them experiments in order to be able to use their weapons.[24]

Themes of racism and xenophobia are put forward by the movie in the form of speciesism applied to the aliens. The use of the word "prawn" to describe the aliens is a reference to the Parktown prawn, a king cricket species considered a pest in South Africa.[25] Copley has said that the theme is not intended to be the main focus of the work, but rather that it can work at a subconscious level even if it is not noticed.[26]

Duane Dudek from the Journal Sentinel wrote that "The result is an action film about xenophobia, in which all races of humans are united in their dislike and mistrust of an insect-like species".[27]

An underlying theme in District 9 is state reliance on multinational corporations as a government funded enforcement arm. As MNU represents the type of corporation which partners with governments, the negative portrayal of MNU in the film can be seen as a statement about the dangers of governments, particularly in their outsourcing of militaries and bureaucracies to private contractors.[28][29]

Music

The music for District 9 was scored by Canadian composer Clinton Shorter, who spent three weeks preparing for the film. Director Neill Blomkamp wanted a "raw and dark" score, but one that maintained its African roots. This was a challenge for Shorter, who found much of the African music he worked with to be optimistic and joyful. Unable to get the African drums to sound dark and heavy, Shorter used a combination of taiko drums and synthesized instruments for the desired effects, with the core African elements of the score conveyed in the vocals and smaller percussion.[30] Both the score and soundtrack feature music and vocals from Kwaito artists.

Marketing

Sony Pictures launched a "Humans Only" marketing campaign to promote District 9. Sony's marketing team designed its promotional material to emulate the segregational billboards that appear throughout the film.[15] Billboards, banners, posters, and stickers were thus designed with the theme in mind, and the material was spread across public places such as bus stops in various cities, including "humans only" signs in certain locations and providing toll-free numbers to report "non-human" activity.[31][32] Promotional material was also presented at the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con, advertising the website D-9.com,[33] which had an application presented by the fictional Multi-National United (MNU). The website had a local alert system for Johannesburg (the film's setting), news feeds, behavior recommendations, and rules and regulations. Other viral websites for the film were also launched, including an MNU website with a countdown timer for the film's release,[34] an anti-MNU blog run by fictional alien character Christopher Johnson,[35] and an MNU-sponsored educational website.[36][37] An online game for District 9 has also been made where players can choose to be a human or an alien. Humans are MNU agents on patrol trying arrest of kill aliens. Aliens try to avoid capture from MNU agents to alein canisters.,[38]

Reception

Box office

District 9 opened in 3,049 theaters in the United States and Canada on August 14, 2009, and the film ranked first at the weekend box office with an opening gross of $37,354,308. Among comparable science fiction films in the past, its opening attendance was slightly less than the 2008 film Cloverfield and the 1997 film Starship Troopers. The audience demographic for District 9 was 64 percent male and 57 percent people 25 years or older.[31] The film stood out as a summer film that generated strong business despite little-known casting.[39] Its opening success was attributed to the studio's unusual marketing campaign. In the film's second weekend, it dropped 49% in revenue while competing against the opening film Inglourious Basterds for the male audience, as Sony Pictures attributed the "good hold" to District 9's strong playability.[40] The film enjoyed similar success in the UK with an opening gross of £2,288,378 showing at 447 screens. As of November 4, 2009 (2009 -11-04), it has grossed an estimated $115,646,235 in the United States and Canada and $83,801,844 in other territories, for a worldwide total of $210,816,205,[41] around seven times its estimated production budget of $30 million.

Critics

The film has received extremely positive reviews, with Rotten Tomatoes reporting that 91% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on a sample of 244, with an average score of 7.8 out of 10. The website wrote of the consensus, "Technically brilliant and emotionally wrenching, District 9 has action, imagination, and all the elements of a thoroughly entertaining science-fiction classic."[42] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received a score of 81 based on 36 reviews, indicating "Universal Acclaim".[43] On Spill.com it received their highest rating of 'Better Than Sex!'.

Sara Vilkomerson of The New York Observer writes, "District 9 is the most exciting science fiction movie to come along in ages; definitely the most thrilling film of the summer; and quite possibly the best film I've seen all year."[44] Christy Lemire from the Associated Press was impressed by the plot and thematic content, claiming that "District 9 has the aesthetic trappings of science fiction but it's really more of a character drama, an examination of how a man responds when he's forced to confront his identity during extraordinary circumstances."[45] Entertainment Weekly's Lisa Schwarzbaum described it as "... madly original, cheekily political, [and] altogether exciting ..."[46]

Roger Ebert praised the film for "giving us aliens to remind us not everyone who comes in a spaceship need be angelic, octopod or stainless steel," but complains that "... the third act is disappointing, involving standard shoot-out action. No attempt is made to resolve the situation, and if that's a happy ending, I've seen happier. Despite its creativity, the film remains space opera and avoids the higher realms of science-fiction."[47] New York Press critic Armond White lambasted the film for its outlandish premise and perceived racial insensitivity toward its apartheid allegories. He asserts that "Blomkamp and Jackson want it every which way: The actuality-video threat of The Blair Witch Project, unstoppable violence like ID4 plus Spielberg's otherworldly benevolence: factitiousness, killing and cosmic agape. This is how cinema gets turned into trash." His review was initially defended by Roger Ebert, but soon after Ebert referred to Armond as a Troll, a discredit to the reviewers technique and opinion.[48] Josh Tyler of Cinema Blend says the film is unique in interpretation and execution, but considers it to be a knockoff of the 1988 film Alien Nation.[49]

In South Africa, the film grossed five times more than the award-winning Tsotsi, with much less exposure.

Controversy

"The idea that it's not only Nigerians, but all Africans who behave in that way, will be spread across the world. I find that to be a painful thought. The manner in which the Nigerians are depicted cannot be justified."
—Hakeem Kae-Kazim[50]

Many Nigerians, both in the country and overseas, were deeply offended by the film. Nigeria's Information Minister Dora Akunyili asked movie theatres around the country to either ban the film or edit out specific references to the country, because of the film's negative depiction of the Nigerian characters as criminals and cannibals. Letters of complaint were sent to the producer and distributor of the film demanding an apology. She also said the gang leader Obesandjo is almost identical in spelling and pronunciation to the surname of former president Olusegun Obasanjo.[51] The film was later banned in Nigeria; the Nigerian Film and Video Censors Board was asked to prevent cinemas from showing the film and also to confiscate it.[52]

Many Nigerians also accused District 9 of being xeniphobic. Online petitions and Facebook groups were started called "District 9 Hates Nigerians". A blogger called Nicole Stamp wrote that "That's Hollywood's Africa, isn't it. Black Africans shown as degenerate savages who'll have sex with non-humans and are pretty damn eager to eat people. Disgusting". Hakeem Kae-Kazim, a British born Nigerian actor also critized the portrayal of Nigerians in the film telling the Beeld newspaper Africa is a beautiful place and the problems it does have can not be shown by such a small group of people.[50]

Accolades

District 9 was named one of the top 10 independent film of 2009 by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. The film received four Academy Awards nominations, seven British Academy Film Awards nominations, five Broadcast Film Critics Association nominations, and one Golden Globe nomination. It is the fourth film ever nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards for TriStar Pictures Behind As Good As It Gets, Jerry Maguire and Bugsy. It won the 2009 Bradbury Award from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.[53]

Home release

The Blu-ray Disc and Region 1 Code widescreen edition of District 9 as well as the 2-disc special edition version on DVD was released on December 22, 2009.[54] The DVD and Blu-ray Disc includes the documentary "The Alien Agenda: A Filmmaker's Log" and the special features "Metamorphosis: The Transformation of Wikus", "Innovation: Acting and Improvisation", "Conception and Design: Creating the World of District 9", and "Alien Generation: Visual Effects".[55] The demo for the video game God of War III featured in the 2009 Electronic Entertainment Expo is also included with the Blu-ray release of District 9 playable on the Sony PlayStation 3.[56][57] The film is currently available on Netflix "Instant Watch" feature.

Merchandise

WETA released in July 2010 Christopher Johnson and Son as sculptures.[58]

Sequel

On August 1, 2009, two weeks before District 9 was released to cinemas, Neill Blomkamp hinted that he intended to make a sequel if the film was successful enough. During an interview on the "Rude Awakening" 94.7 Highveld Stereo breakfast radio show, he alluded to it, saying "There probably will be." Nevertheless, he revealed that his next project is unrelated to the District 9 universe.[59]

In an interview with Rotten Tomatoes, Blomkamp stated that he was "totally" hoping for a follow-up: "I haven't thought of a story yet but if people want to see another one, I'd love to do it."[60]

Blomkamp has posed the possibility of the next movie in the series being a prequel, though audiences wanted to see Wikus cured from the transformation.[61]

In an interview with Empire magazine posted on April 28, 2010, Sharlto Copley suggested that a follow-up, while very likely, would be about two years away, given his and Neill Blomkamp's current commitments.[62]

References

  1. ↑ "Jackson's new sci-fi film a return to his origins". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/films/news/article.cfm?c_id=200&objectid=10585084. Retrieved 2009-07-19. 
  2. ↑ Box Office Mojo - District 9
  3. ↑ IMDb.com
  4. ↑ "The 82nd Annual Oscar Nominations". The New York Times. 2010-02-02. http://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/02/oscar-nominations/. Retrieved 2010-05-01. 
  5. ↑ District 9 DVD audio narration (Audio Setup -> English Audio Descriptive Service)
  6. ↑ Swietek, Frank (2009-08-07). "Neill Blomkamp and Sharlto Copley on "District 9"". Interviews. One Guy's Opinion. http://www.oneguysopinion.com/InterviewsResults.php?ID=451. Retrieved 2009-09-11. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "5 Things You Didn't Know About District 9". IO9. 08-19-09. http://io9.com/5341120/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-district-9. Retrieved 2009-08-22. 
  8. ↑ Fleming, Michael (November 1, 2007). "Peter Jackson gears up for 'District'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117975244.html?categoryid=1236&cs=1. Retrieved August 30, 2009. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Desowitz, Bill (August 14, 2009). "Neill Blomkamp Talks District 9". VFXWorld (AWN, Inc.). http://www.vfxworld.com/?atype=articles&id=4032. Retrieved August 31, 2009. 
  10. ↑ Frater, Patrick (November 4, 2007). "Sony to release Jackson's 'District'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117975365.html. Retrieved August 30, 2009. 
  11. ↑ Itzkoff, Dave (2009-08-05). "A Young Director Brings a Spaceship and a Metaphor in for a Landing". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/06/movies/06district.html. Retrieved 31 August 2009. 
  12. ↑ Caranicas, Peter (2009-08-14). "'District' lenser braces for invasion". International. Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118007288.html. Retrieved 7 September 2009. 
  13. ↑ ‘District 9′ Shot On RED
  14. ↑ Attack Of The Terabytes
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Oldham, Stuart (August 14, 2009). "Interview: Neill Blomkamp". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118007279.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&nid=2564. Retrieved August 31, 2009. 
  16. ↑ IMDB Trivia, IMDb,
  17. ↑ MXFX Physical Special Effects
  18. ↑ Corliss, Richard (2009-08-13). "'District 9' Review: The Summer's Coolest Fantasy Film". Time. http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1916009,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 
  19. ↑ "The real 'District 9' – South Africa's shack dwellers". Guardian Weekly. August 28, 2009. http://www.guardianweekly.co.uk/?page=editorial&id=1237&catID=9. 
  20. ↑ de Waal, Shaun (August 28, 2009). "Loving the Aliens". Film. Mail & Guardian. http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-08-28-loving-the-aliens. 
  21. ↑ Blikkiesdoprp housingdisaster has become Cape Flats' own...District 9 in the Daily Voice, South Africa, 3 October 2009
  22. ↑ "UN affiliated NGO asks the City to reconsider Symphony Way’s eviction to Blikkiesdorp which will be decided in Court on Wednesday". Anti-Eviction Campaign. October 5, 2009. http://antieviction.org.za/2009/10/05/un-affiliated-ngo-asks-the-city-to-reconsider-symphony-ways-eviction-to-blikkiesdorp-which-will-be-decided-in-court-on-wednesday/. 
  23. ↑ "If Geeks Ran the Oscars". MSN Movies. http://movies.msn.com/oscars/geek-oscars/?icid=MOVIES1&GT1=MOVIES1&mpc=2. Retrieved 2010-02-16. 
  24. ↑ Mikesell, Chris (August 26, 2009). "‘District 9′ reveals human inhumanity". Ka Leo. http://www.knphotographics.com/wp-kaleo/2009/08/26/features/district-9-reveals-human-inhumanity.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
  25. ↑ "Interview with Neill Blomkamp on the Highveld Stereo 94.7 radio station". August 19, 2009. http://www.highveld.co.za/thelounge/gallery/event.asp?id=565. 
  26. ↑ "Xenophobia, Racism Drive Alien Relocation in District 9". Wired. 2009-08-12. http://www.wired.com/underwire/2009/08/xenophobia-racism-drive-alien-relocation-in-district-9/. Retrieved 2009-08-30. 
  27. ↑ Dudek, Duane (August 13, 2009). "'District 9' social theme isn't so alien - JSOnline". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. http://www.jsonline.com/entertainment/movies/53074407.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
  28. ↑ "Hold the Prawns". SACSIS. http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/352.1. 
  29. ↑ "District 9, Ugly Marvel". SACSIS. http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/343.1. 
  30. ↑ Hoover, Tom (2009). "Interviews: Clinton Shorter – The Music of District 9". Score Notes. http://scorenotes.com/interviews.html. Retrieved 8 September 2009. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Gray, Brandon (August 16, 2009). "Weekend Report: Humans Welcome District 9". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=2610&p=.htm. Retrieved August 17, 2009. 
  32. ↑ Billington, Alex (August 14, 2009). "For Humans Only: A Look Back at District 9's Success Story". FirstShowing.net (First Showing, LLC). http://www.firstshowing.net/2009/08/14/for-humans-only-a-look-back-at-district-9s-success-story/. Retrieved August 31, 2009. 
  33. ↑ "D-9.com". Sony Pictures. http://d-9.com/. Retrieved September 7, 2009. 
  34. ↑ "Multi-National United". Sony Pictures. http://www.multinationalunited.com/. Retrieved September 7, 2009. 
  35. ↑ "MNU Spreads Lies". Sony Pictures. http://www.mnuspreadslies.com/. Retrieved September 7, 2009. 
  36. ↑ "Maths from Outer Space: An MNU Sponsored Initiative". Sony Pictures. http://mathsfromouterspace.com/. Retrieved September 7, 2009. 
  37. ↑ Billington, Alex (July 30, 2008). "Next Big Viral: Neill Blomkamp's District 9 – For Humans Only". FirstShowing.net (First Showing, LLC). http://www.firstshowing.net/2008/07/30/next-big-viral-neill-blomkamps-district-9-for-humans-only/. Retrieved August 31, 2009. 
  38. ↑ "New District 9 Online Game, Tralier Coming!". comingsoon.net. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=56856. Retrieved July 3, 2009. 
  39. ↑ McClintock, Pamela (August 16, 2009). "'District 9' invades top of box office". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118007321.html?categoryid=1082&cs=1. Retrieved August 30, 2009. 
  40. ↑ McClintock, Pamela (August 23, 2009). "Tarantino's 'Basterds' storms box office". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118007604.html?categoryid=1082&cs=1. Retrieved August 30, 2009. 
  41. ↑ Box Office Guru - Worldwide Box Office Grosses
  42. ↑ "District 9 (2009)". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/district_9/. Retrieved August 25, 2009. 
  43. ↑ "District 9". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/district9/. Retrieved October 25, 2009. 
  44. ↑ Sara Vilkomerson. "District 9 Blew My Mind!". http://www.observer.com/2009/movies/district-9-blew-my-mind. Retrieved 2009-08-12. 
  45. ↑ Christy Lemire. "Review: Dramatic twists in store in 'District 9'". http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2009/08/12/entertainment/e082032D23.DTL. Retrieved 2009-08-12. 
  46. ↑ Lisa Schwarzbaum. "Movie Review: District 9". http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20297361,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-12. 
  47. ↑ Roger Ebert. "Throw another prawn on the barbie". http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090812/REVIEWS/908129987. Retrieved 2009-08-12. 
  48. ↑ Armond White. "From Mothership to Bullship". http://www.nypress.com/article-20206-from-mothership-to-bullship.html. Retrieved 2009-08-12. 
  49. ↑ Too Close to Call, review by Josh Tyler, Cinema Blend, August 10, 2009
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Smith, David (September 2, 2009). "District 9 labelled xenophobic by Nigerians". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/sep/02/district-9-labelled-xenophobic-nigerians. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 
  51. ↑ Bashir Adigun (September 19, 2009). "Nigerian officials: 'District 9' not welcome here". News from The Associated Press. Associated Press. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AF_NIGERIA_DISTRICT_9?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT. Retrieved September 24, 2009. 
  52. ↑ "Govt bans showing of District 9 film in Nigeria". Vanguard. September 25, 2009. http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/25/govt-bans-showing-of-district-9-film-in-nigeria/. Retrieved September 25, 2009. 
  53. ↑ Standlee, Kevin (May 15, 2010). "Nebula Awards Results". Science Fiction Awards Watch. http://www.sfawardswatch.com/?p=3274. Retrieved May 15, 2010. 
  54. ↑ Amazon.com
  55. ↑ District 9 Blu-ray and DVD Art Hovers Over Us
  56. ↑ Caiazzo, Anthony (2009-10-28). "District 9 Forged Together With God of War III". Sony Computer Entertainment. http://blog.us.playstation.com/2009/10/district-9-forged-together-with-god-of-war-iii/. Retrieved 2009-10-28. 
  57. ↑ Uncle Creepy (2009-10-30). "District 9 Blu-ray to Include God of War III Demo". http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/34281/district-9-blu-ray-include-god-war-iii-demo. Retrieved 2009-10-30. 
  58. ↑ Debi Moore (2010-07-10). "Weta's First District 9 Figure Revealed: Christopher Johnson and Son". http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/38455/wetas-first-district-9-figure-revealed-christopher-johnson-and-son. Retrieved 2010-07-10. 
  59. ↑ "District 9 director already thinking about a sequel". SCI FI Wire. 2009-07-31. http://scifiwire.com/2009/07/district-9-director-alrea.php. Retrieved 2009-08-29. 
  60. ↑ Mueller, Matt. "Neill Blomkamp Talks District 9 — RT Interview", Rotten Tomatoes, 3 September 2009.
  61. ↑ "Will The Next District 9 Be A Prequel?". Empire Online. 2010-01-10. http://www.empireonline.com/news/feed.asp?NID=26657. Retrieved 2010-01-14. 
  62. ↑ "Sharlto Copley On The District 9 Sequel". Empire Online. 2010-04-28. http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=27715. Retrieved 2010-04-28. 

External links

Peter Jackson
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Bad Taste (1987) · Meet the Feebles (1989) · Braindead (1992) · Heavenly Creatures (1994) · Forgotten Silver (1995) · Jack Brown Genius (1996) · The Frighteners (1996) · The Lord of the Rings film trilogy: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) · The Two Towers (2002) · The Return of the King (2003) · King Kong (2005) · The Lovely Bones (2009) · The Hobbit (2011/2012)
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